194 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
194 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
## push之前未pull
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报错信息:
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```bash
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D:\code\test\test1>git push origin master
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To http://192.168.1.189:8443/r/test.git
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! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
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error: failed to push some refs to 'http://192.168.1.189:8443/r/test.git'
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hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do not
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hint: have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing to
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hint: the same ref. If you want to integrate the remote changes, use
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hint: 'git pull' before pushing again.
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hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
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```
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解决方法:
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```bash
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# 先拉取
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git pull
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# 后推送
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git push origin master
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```
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**注意:** 不要强推,可能覆盖他人修改,一般用不到。
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```bash
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git push -f origin master
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```
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## 合并冲突(修改同一文件)
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当 A 和 B 同时修改了同一文件的时候,本地文件和远程文件发生了冲突。Git 无法自动合并,需要你手动解决冲突。
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例如:
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```bash
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CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in a.txt
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Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
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```
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意思是:
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- Git 在合并文件 `a.txt` 时,发现本地和远程对同一部分代码进行了修改;
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- 无法判断以哪一方为准,自动合并失败;
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- 需要你手动处理这个冲突。
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解决方案:
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1. 打开冲突的 `a.txt` 文件,查看里面的内容:
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```
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<<<<<<< HEAD
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12 # 这里是 A 修改的
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=======
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1 # 这里是 B 修改的
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2
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>>>>>>> 6fe1e2d97eae79e0c5080ddea4bdef658841486d
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```
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2. 手动修改内容,保留需要的部分。例如:
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```
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12
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```
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3. 添加修改后的文件:
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```bash
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git add a.txt
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git commit -m "解决 a.txt 冲突"
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git push origin master
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```
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## 修改文件但 git status 显示未修改
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可能的原因:
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- 你改的是换行符(LF/CRLF)但内容没变;
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- 编辑器保存规则设置导致未检测到真实修改;
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- 文件编码问题或隐藏字符。
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解决方法:
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- 用 `git diff` 检查是否真的修改了;
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- 也可以尝试先改点内容,再恢复,重新保存。
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## 误删文件
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### 文件误删并已 add
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误删了一个文件(比如 `b.txt`),然后执行了:
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```bash
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git add a.txt
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```
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- 这时候 Git **把删除操作加入暂存区**,等待 commit。
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- 文件还没有被 commit,但已经从工作区和暂存区记录为“删除”。
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**查看哪些文件被误删**
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```bash
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git status
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```
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示例输出
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```bash
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Changes to be committed:
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(use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
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new file: a.txt
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Changes not staged for commit:
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(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
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(use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
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deleted: a.txt
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```
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**恢复文件**
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这会把文件从暂存区移除,但 **不会恢复工作区文件**。
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```bash
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git restore --staged a.txt
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```
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这会把文件从最后一次 commit 的版本恢复到工作区。
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```bash
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git restore a.txt
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```
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或者可以循环恢复多个误删文件:
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```
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git restore --staged .
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git restore .
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```
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> `git restore .` 会把所有误删且未 commit 的文件恢复。
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### 文件已 commit,误删未 add
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场景说明
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- 文件 **已经被 Git commit**(也就是之前已经被保存到版本历史中)
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- 你在工作区 **误删了该文件**
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- **还没有执行 `git add`**
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> 这时候 Git 知道文件原本存在,但工作区已经缺失。
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**查看被误删的文件**
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```bash
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git status
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```
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示例输出:
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```bash
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Changes not staged for commit:
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(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
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deleted: a.txt
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```
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> 🔹 `deleted: a.txt` 就是被误删的文件。
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**恢复误删文件(未 add)**
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```bash
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git restore a.txt
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```
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> 这会从 **最近一次 commit** 恢复文件到工作区。
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**检查文件是否恢复成功**
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```
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git status
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```
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- 文件会出现在工作区
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- `git status` 不再显示 `deleted`
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