786 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
786 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
官网:https://expo.dev/
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# 初始化项目
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创建项目命令:
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```bash
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pnpm create expo-app@latest --template blank-typescript
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```
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[官网模板](https://docs.expo.dev/more/create-expo/)如下:
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| 模板名称 | 描述 |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| [`default`](https://github.com/expo/expo/tree/main/templates/expo-template-default) | 默认模板,用于构建多页面应用。包含推荐工具,如 **Expo CLI**、**Expo Router** 路由库,并启用 **TypeScript** 配置。适合大多数应用。 |
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| [`blank`](https://github.com/expo/expo/tree/main/templates/expo-template-blank) | 最简模板,仅安装最基本依赖,不包含导航配置。 |
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| [`blank-typescript`](https://github.com/expo/expo/tree/main/templates/expo-template-blank-typescript) | 空白模板,但启用了 **TypeScript** 支持。 |
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| [`tabs`](https://github.com/expo/expo/tree/main/templates/expo-template-tabs) | 启用基于文件的路由系统(Expo Router),并默认使用 **TypeScript**,适合多标签页结构的应用。 |
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| [`bare-minimum`](https://github.com/expo/expo/tree/main/templates/expo-template-bare-minimum) | 带有原生目录(`android` 与 `ios`)的空白模板,创建时会自动运行 [`npx expo prebuild`](https://docs.expo.dev/workflow/prebuild)。适合需要直接修改原生代码的项目。 |
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**启动项目:**
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```bash
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npx expo start
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```
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# 基础配置
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## 集成 [antfu-eslint](https://github.com/antfu/eslint-config)
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可以使用快捷命令:
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```bash
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pnpm dlx @antfu/eslint-config@latest
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```
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安装:
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```bash
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pnpm i -D eslint @antfu/eslint-config
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```
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新建 `eslint.config.mjs` 文件:
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```js
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import antfu from '@antfu/eslint-config'
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export default antfu({
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stylistic: {
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indent: 2, // 缩进为 2 个空格(可选 4 或 'tab')
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quotes: 'single', // 使用单引号(可选 'double')
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},
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rules: {
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'unused-imports/no-unused-imports': 'warn',
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'unused-imports/no-unused-vars': 'warn',
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'@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define': 'off', // 关闭 TS 的“定义前使用”警告
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'no-console': 'off', // 关闭 console 报错
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},
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})
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```
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配置 vscode 模板,修改 `.vscode/settings.json` :
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> 注意安装 eslint 插件
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```json
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{
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// Disable the default formatter, use eslint instead
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"prettier.enable": false,
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"editor.formatOnSave": false,
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// Auto fix
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"editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
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"source.fixAll.eslint": "explicit",
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"source.organizeImports": "never"
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},
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// Silent the stylistic rules in you IDE, but still auto fix them
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"eslint.rules.customizations": [
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{ "rule": "style/*", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "format/*", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*-indent", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*-spacing", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*-spaces", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*-order", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*-dangle", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*-newline", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*quotes", "severity": "off", "fixable": true },
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{ "rule": "*semi", "severity": "off", "fixable": true }
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],
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// Enable eslint for all supported languages
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"eslint.validate": [
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"javascript",
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"javascriptreact",
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"typescript",
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"typescriptreact",
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"vue",
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"html",
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"markdown",
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"json",
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"jsonc",
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"yaml",
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"toml",
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"xml",
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"gql",
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"graphql",
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"astro",
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"svelte",
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"css",
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"less",
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"scss",
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"pcss",
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"postcss"
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]
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}
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```
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## 集成 [nativewind](https://www.nativewind.dev/v5/getting-started/installation) (存在BUG,先不使用)
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1. 安装[Nativewind](https://www.nativewind.dev/v5/getting-started/installation#1-install-nativewind)
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```bash
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pnpm install nativewind@preview react-native-css react-native-reanimated react-native-safe-area-context
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```
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2. 安装**Tailwind CSS**
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```bash
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pnpm install --save-dev tailwindcss @tailwindcss/postcss postcss
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```
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3. 新建 `postcss.config.mjs` 文件:
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```js
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export default {
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plugins: {
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"@tailwindcss/postcss": {},
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},
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};
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```
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4. 创建 `global.css` 并在 `index.ts` 文件中引入
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```css
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@import "tailwindcss/theme.css" layer(theme);
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@import "tailwindcss/preflight.css" layer(base);
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@import "tailwindcss/utilities.css";
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@import "nativewind/theme";
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```
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5. 创建 `metro.config.js` 文件:
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```js
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const { getDefaultConfig } = require("expo/metro-config");
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const { withNativewind } = require("nativewind/metro");
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/** @type {import('expo/metro-config').MetroConfig} */
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const config = getDefaultConfig(__dirname);
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module.exports = withNativewind(config);
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```
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6. 固定 lightningcss 版本,在 `package.json` 里添加:
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```json
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{
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"resolutions": {
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"lightningcss": "1.30.1"
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}
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}
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```
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7. 添加 `ts` 支持,新建 `nativewind-env.d.ts` 文件(任意名称):
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```ts
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/// <reference types="react-native-css/types" />
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// NOTE: This file should not be edited and should be committed with your source code. It is generated by react-native-css. If you need to move or disable this file, please see the documentation.
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```
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8. 检验是否生效
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```tsx
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import { Text, View } from "react-native";
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export default function App() {
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return (
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<View className="flex-1 items-center justify-center bg-white">
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<Text className="text-xl font-bold text-blue-500">
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Welcome to Nativewind!
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</Text>
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</View>
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);
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}
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```
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## 集成[@expo/vector-icons](https://docs.expo.dev/guides/icons/#expovector-icons)
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该插件默认跟着expo安装了。可以直接使用。
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图标网站地址:https://icons.expo.fyi/Index
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如果需要没有想要的图标,可以用下面的方式:
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安装svg依赖
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```bash
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npx expo install react-native-svg
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```
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然后在components下面创建一个Icons.tsx文件,用来管理所有的图标
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```tsx
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import Svg, { Circle, Rect, Path } from 'react-native-svg';
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interface IconProps {
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size?: string | number;
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color?: string;
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}
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// 测试图标
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export const DemoIcon: React.FC<IconProps> = ({ size = 30, color = '#fff', ...rest }) => {
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return (
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<Svg height="50%" width="50%" viewBox="0 0 100 100" {...rest}>
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<Circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" stroke="blue" strokeWidth="2.5" fill="green" />
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<Rect x="15" y="15" width={size} height={size} stroke="red" strokeWidth="2" fill="yellow" />
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</Svg>
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);
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}
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// 招聘
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export const ZhaoPinIcon: React.FC<IconProps> = ({ size = 30, color = '#fff', ...rest }) => {
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return (
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<Svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" p-id="5316" width={size} height={size} {...rest}>
|
||
<Path d="M473.6 732.8c-9.6 0-25.6 3.2-48 6.4v112h-83.2v-102.4c-73.6 9.6-150.4 19.2-172.8 22.4L160 681.6c9.6-3.2 22.4-3.2 41.6-6.4V278.4h-19.2V188.8h272v89.6h-28.8v368c19.2-3.2 28.8-3.2 38.4-6.4l3.2 48 6.4 44.8zM288 278.4v70.4h51.2V278.4H288z m0 224h51.2v-67.2H288v67.2z m51.2 153.6v-67.2H288v73.6l51.2-6.4z m259.2-54.4l-3.2 25.6h220.8c0 9.6-9.6 112-12.8 131.2-6.4 76.8-32 89.6-121.6 99.2l-54.4 6.4-25.6-86.4 64-3.2c41.6-3.2 54.4-6.4 57.6-35.2 3.2-9.6 3.2-19.2 3.2-32h-233.6l16-102.4H448v-73.6h416v73.6l-265.6-3.2z m233.6-99.2H467.2V211.2H608V160l80 3.2v48H832v291.2zM547.2 288v32H608V288h-60.8z m0 140.8H608v-32h-60.8v32zM688 288v32h60.8V288h-60.8z m60.8 140.8v-32h-60.8v32h60.8z" p-id="5317" fill={color} />
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</Svg>
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);
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}
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```
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## 集成[expo-router](expo-router)
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1. 安装相关依赖
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||
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```bash
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npx expo install expo-router react-native-safe-area-context react-native-screens expo-linking expo-constants expo-status-bar
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||
```
|
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|
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2. 修改 `package.json`
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||
|
||
```
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{
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||
"main": "expo-router/entry"
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||
}
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||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 将根目录的 `App.tsx` 和 `index.ts` 文件删除,新增 `_layout.tsx` 文件
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### 布局
|
||
|
||
1. 新建 `app/_layout.tsx` 文件:
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||
|
||
```tsx
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import { Slot } from 'expo-router'
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import { StyleSheet, Text } from 'react-native'
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import { SafeAreaView } from 'react-native-safe-area-context'
|
||
|
||
export default function Layout() {
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return (
|
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<SafeAreaView style={styles.container}>
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<Text style={styles.header}>Header</Text>
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<Slot />
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||
|
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<Text style={styles.footer}>Footer</Text>
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</SafeAreaView>
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)
|
||
}
|
||
|
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const styles = StyleSheet.create({
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container: {
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||
flex: 1,
|
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backgroundColor: '#f5f5f5',
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paddingHorizontal: 16,
|
||
},
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header: {
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||
fontSize: 20,
|
||
fontWeight: 'bold',
|
||
paddingVertical: 12,
|
||
textAlign: 'center',
|
||
backgroundColor: '#4f46e5',
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color: '#fff',
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borderRadius: 8,
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marginVertical: 8,
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},
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footer: {
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||
fontSize: 16,
|
||
paddingVertical: 10,
|
||
textAlign: 'center',
|
||
backgroundColor: '#e5e7eb',
|
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borderRadius: 8,
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||
marginVertical: 8,
|
||
},
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})
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```
|
||
|
||
2. 新建
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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## 配置深度链接
|
||
|
||
作用:通过链接就可以跳转到该app。
|
||
|
||
在 `app.json` 文件下进行配置:
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"expo": {
|
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"scheme":"oneao",
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
然后就可以通过这个配置 从别的应用或者浏览器跳转到你的app:
|
||
|
||
```
|
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oneao://courses/react-native
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## [定义 src 路径别名 @](https://docs.expo.dev/guides/typescript/)
|
||
|
||
修改 `tsconfig.json` 文件:
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"extends": "expo/tsconfig.base",
|
||
"compilerOptions": {
|
||
"baseUrl": "./",
|
||
"paths": {
|
||
"@/*": ["src/*"]
|
||
},
|
||
"strict": true
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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# 打包
|
||
|
||
## 云打包
|
||
|
||
1. 安装 EAS CLI
|
||
|
||
```bash
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npm install -g eas-cli
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```
|
||
|
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2. 注册并登录 Expo 账户
|
||
|
||
- 访问 https://expo.dev/ 注册账户,然后命令行登录:
|
||
|
||
```bash
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expo login
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```
|
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3. 配置项目构建
|
||
|
||
- 输入以下命令,选择 Android 平台即可。
|
||
|
||
```bash
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eas build:configure
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||
```
|
||
|
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4. 构建 Android 包
|
||
|
||
- 默认构建 AAB 包(上传 Google Play):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
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eas build --platform android
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 构建 APK(可直接安装):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
eas build -p android --profile preview
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 本地打包(EAS方式)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 本地打包(原生方式)
|
||
|
||
### 1. 安装 [Android Studio]( https://developer.android.com/?hl=zh-cn)
|
||
|
||
1. 下载安装
|
||
|
||
- 按照官网提示依次安装 SDK 工具和必要组件。
|
||
|
||
- 安装完成后,记住 SDK 的安装路径(例如:`D:\data\sdk`,默认位置是:`C:\Users\<你的用户名>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk`),后续需要用到。
|
||
|
||
2. 配置环境变量
|
||
|
||
- 打开 **系统属性 → 高级 → 环境变量**。
|
||
|
||
- 在 **系统变量** 中新增:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
变量名:ANDROID_HOME
|
||
变量值:D:\data\sdk
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 在 **Path** 中新增:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
%ANDROID_HOME%\platform-tools
|
||
%ANDROID_HOME%\tools
|
||
%ANDROID_HOME%\tools\bin
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 保存设置。
|
||
|
||
3. 验证安装
|
||
|
||
- 打开命令行,执行:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
echo %ANDROID_HOME%
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 如果输出 SDK 路径,则说明配置成功。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 2. 安装 [jdk17](https://adoptium.net/zh-CN/temurin/releases?version=8&os=any&arch=any)
|
||
|
||
1. 下载安装
|
||
|
||
- 下载对应版本解压即可。
|
||
- 安装成功后,记住 jdk 的安装路径,后续需要用到。
|
||
|
||
2. 配置环境变量
|
||
|
||
- 打开 **系统属性 → 高级 → 环境变量**。
|
||
|
||
- 在 **系统变量** 中新增:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
变量名:JAVA_HOME
|
||
变量值:D:\devtool\jdk\jdk-17.0.16+8
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 在 **Path** 中新增:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
%JAVA_HOME%\bin
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 保存设置。
|
||
|
||
3. 验证安装
|
||
|
||
- 打开命令行,执行:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
java --version
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 如果输出 jdk 的信息,则说明配置成功。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3. Expo 项目启用 [Prebuild](https://docs.expo.dev/workflow/prebuild/)
|
||
|
||
1. 生成原生项目
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npx expo prebuild
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
然后执行完毕后,会生成 `android` 目录。
|
||
|
||
2. 清除并重新生成原生项目
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npx expo prebuild --clean
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
会删除已有的 `android` 和 `ios` 目录,然后重新生成。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 4. 配置 Keystore
|
||
|
||
#### 4.1 生成密钥
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
keytool -genkey -v -keystore android-release.keystore -alias my-key-alias -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `my-release-key.keystore`:生成的密钥文件名,可自定义路径
|
||
- `my-key-alias`:密钥别名
|
||
- `RSA`:加密算法
|
||
- `2048`:密钥长度
|
||
- `10000`:有效期(天)
|
||
|
||
#### 4.2 手动配置
|
||
|
||
修改 `android/app/build.gradle` 文件
|
||
|
||
1. 修改 `signingConfigs`
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
signingConfigs {
|
||
release {
|
||
storeFile file('android-release.keystore') // keystore 文件路径
|
||
storePassword '你的Keystore密码' // keystore 密码
|
||
keyAlias '你的KeyAlias' // 密钥别名
|
||
keyPassword '你的Key密码' // key 密码
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
debug {
|
||
storeFile file('debug.keystore')
|
||
storePassword 'android'
|
||
keyAlias 'androiddebugkey'
|
||
keyPassword 'android'
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 在 `buildTypes` 中设置 release 使用 release 签名
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
buildTypes {
|
||
release {
|
||
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
debug {
|
||
signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 4.3 脚本配置(推荐)
|
||
|
||
1. 在 expo 项目根目录下新增 `plugins\withAndroidSignature.js` 文件,内容如下:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// plugins/withAndroidSignature.js
|
||
|
||
const { withAppBuildGradle } = require("@expo/config-plugins");
|
||
const fs = require("fs");
|
||
const path = require("path");
|
||
|
||
module.exports = function withAndroidSignature(config) {
|
||
return withAppBuildGradle(config, config => {
|
||
if (config.modResults.language === "groovy") {
|
||
config.modResults.contents = setAndroidSignature(config.modResults.contents);
|
||
} else {
|
||
throw new Error("如果不是 groovy,则无法在 app/build.gradle 中设置 signingConfigs");
|
||
}
|
||
return config;
|
||
});
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
function setAndroidSignature(appBuildGradle) {
|
||
if (!fs.existsSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "../credentials.json"))) {
|
||
console.warn("警告:没有设置正式版本的 Android Keystore 文件,因为 credentials.json 不存在。");
|
||
return appBuildGradle;
|
||
}
|
||
const info = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "../credentials/credentials.json"), { encoding: "utf8" }));
|
||
|
||
// 使用正则表达式插入签名信息
|
||
let output = appBuildGradle.replace(
|
||
/(signingConfigs\s*\{)/,
|
||
`$1
|
||
release {
|
||
storeFile file(${JSON.stringify(path.resolve(__dirname, "../credentials/android-release.keystore"))})
|
||
storePassword ${JSON.stringify(info.android.keystore.keystorePassword)}
|
||
keyAlias ${JSON.stringify(info.android.keystore.keyAlias)}
|
||
keyPassword ${JSON.stringify(info.android.keystore.keyPassword)}
|
||
}`,
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
// 使用正则表达式替换 signingConfig
|
||
output = output.replace(
|
||
/(release\s*\{)[^}]*?signingConfig\s+signingConfigs\.debug/s,
|
||
`$1
|
||
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
|
||
`,
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
return output;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 在 expo 项目根目录下新增 `/credentials/credentials.json` 文件(该文件主要是 Keystore 的信息):
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"android": {
|
||
"keystore": {
|
||
"keystorePath": "credentials/android-release.keystore", // Android keystore 文件路径
|
||
"keystorePassword": "123456", // keystore 密码
|
||
"keyAlias": "my-key-alias", // Key 别名
|
||
"keyPassword": "123456" // Key 密码
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"ios": {
|
||
"provisioningProfilePath": "ios/certs/profile.mobileprovision", // iOS 描述文件路径
|
||
"distributionCertificate": {
|
||
"path": "ios/certs/dist-cert.p12", // iOS 分发证书路径
|
||
"password": "password" // 证书密码
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 在 `app.json` 中指定这个项目级插件:
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"expo": {
|
||
"plugins": [
|
||
"./plugins/withAndroidSignature"
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 5. 打包
|
||
|
||
- 编译成 Google Play 商店用的 .aab 文件
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./gradlew bundleRelease
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 直接安装的 .apk 文件
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./gradlew assembleRelease
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**注意:**这个时候可能会下载 `gradle` 、`apk` 等资源,网络速度可能过慢。
|
||
|
||
**解决方法:**在 `android/gradle.properties` 添加网络代理:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
systemProp.http.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
|
||
systemProp.http.proxyPort=7897
|
||
systemProp.https.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
|
||
systemProp.https.proxyPort=7897
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
打包结果在 `android/app/build/outputs/apt/release` 包下。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 打包体积优化
|
||
|
||
默认初始项目打包就有 **80MB** 左右,是因为 expo 默认将 armeabi-v7a、arm64-v8a、x86、x86_64 这些架构的包都打包进来了。
|
||
|
||
| 架构名称 | 位数 | 设备类型 | 应用场景 | 备注 |
|
||
| --------------- | ----- | ------------------------------------------ | -------------- | ------------------------------------ |
|
||
| **armeabi-v7a** | 32 位 | 老旧的 ARM 芯片手机(如部分安卓 5/6 设备) | 兼容旧设备 | 已逐渐被淘汰,但仍有少数旧机型使用 |
|
||
| **arm64-v8a** | 64 位 | 主流安卓手机(大多数真机) | ✅ 主力目标平台 | 目前最主流、性能最佳的架构 |
|
||
| **x86** | 32 位 | 早期安卓模拟器(Intel 架构) | 开发调试 | 真机几乎不会用 |
|
||
| **x86_64** | 64 位 | 现代安卓模拟器 | 开发调试 | 用于 Android Studio 模拟器或测试环境 |
|
||
|
||
## 方法1(简单)
|
||
|
||
找到 `android/gradle.properties` 文件,找到 `reactNativeArchitectures` ,根据需要删除即可
|
||
|
||
```properties
|
||
reactNativeArchitectures=armeabi-v7a,arm64-v8a,x86,x86_64
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 方法2(原生方法 选择更多)
|
||
|
||
在 `android/app/build.gradle` 文件中添加或修改以下配置:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
android {
|
||
// 其他配置...
|
||
|
||
splits {
|
||
abi {
|
||
enable true // 启用按 CPU 架构拆分
|
||
reset() // 重置默认架构列表
|
||
include 'arm64-v8a', 'armeabi-v7a'
|
||
universalApk false // 是否生成包含所有架构的通用 APK(false 表示只生成分架构的独立包)
|
||
// 还有一个 exclude 配置是排除指定架构的
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 其他配置...
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**说明:**
|
||
|
||
- `enable true`:启用架构拆分功能。
|
||
- `reset()`:清空默认的架构配置,避免重复。
|
||
- `include`:指定要生成的架构包,比如只打 `arm64-v8a` 和 `armeabi-v7a`。
|
||
- `universalApk false`:不生成通用包(即包含所有架构的 APK)。
|
||
|
||
**举例:**
|
||
|
||
执行打包命令后,将生成多个包,例如:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
app-arm64-v8a-release.apk
|
||
app-armeabi-v7a-release.apk
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
每个 APK 只包含对应架构的二进制文件,体积更小。
|
||
|
||
如果把 `universalApk` 设置为 `true`,则只会生成一个:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
app-universal-release.apk
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
这个包能在 `arm64-v8a` 和 `armeabi-v7a` 架构的设备上运行,但体积最大。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
HY20241003
|
||
|
||
|
||
|