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# Customization & Theming
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Components reference semantic CSS variable tokens. Change the variables to change every component.
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## Contents
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- How it works (CSS variables → Tailwind utilities → components)
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- Color variables and OKLCH format
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- Dark mode setup
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- Changing the theme (presets, CSS variables)
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- Adding custom colors (Tailwind v3 and v4)
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- Border radius
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- Customizing components (variants, class, wrappers)
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- Checking for updates
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---
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## How It Works
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1. CSS variables defined in `:root` (light) and `.dark` (dark mode).
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2. Tailwind maps them to utilities: `bg-primary`, `text-muted-foreground`, etc.
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3. Components use these utilities — changing a variable changes all components that reference it.
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---
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## Color Variables
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Every color follows the `name` / `name-foreground` convention. The base variable is for backgrounds, `-foreground` is for text/icons on that background.
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| Variable | Purpose |
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| -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
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| `--background` / `--foreground` | Page background and default text |
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| `--card` / `--card-foreground` | Card surfaces |
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| `--primary` / `--primary-foreground` | Primary buttons and actions |
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| `--secondary` / `--secondary-foreground` | Secondary actions |
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| `--muted` / `--muted-foreground` | Muted/disabled states |
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| `--accent` / `--accent-foreground` | Hover and accent states |
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| `--destructive` / `--destructive-foreground` | Error and destructive actions |
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| `--border` | Default border color |
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| `--input` | Form input borders |
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| `--ring` | Focus ring color |
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| `--chart-1` through `--chart-5` | Chart/data visualization |
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| `--sidebar-*` | Sidebar-specific colors |
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| `--surface` / `--surface-foreground` | Secondary surface |
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Colors use OKLCH: `--primary: oklch(0.205 0 0)` where values are lightness (0–1), chroma (0 = gray), and hue (0–360).
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---
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## Dark Mode
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Class-based toggle via `.dark` on the root element. In Nuxt, use `@nuxtjs/color-mode`:
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```js
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<!-- nuxt.config.ts -->
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export default defineNuxtConfig({
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modules: ['@nuxtjs/color-mode'],
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colorMode: {
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classSuffix: ''
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}
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})
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```
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---
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## Changing the Theme
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```bash
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# Apply a preset code from shadcn-vue.com.
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npx shadcn-vue@latest apply --preset a2r6bw
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# Positional shorthand also works.
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npx shadcn-vue@latest apply a2r6bw
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# Switch to a named preset and overwrite existing components.
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npx shadcn-vue@latest apply --preset nova
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# Preserve existing components instead.
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npx shadcn-vue@latest init --preset nova --force --no-reinstall
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# Use a custom theme URL.
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npx shadcn-vue@latest apply --preset "https://shadcn-vue.com/init?base=reka&style=nova&..."
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```
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Or edit CSS variables directly in `globals.css`.
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---
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## Adding Custom Colors
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Add variables to the file at `tailwindCssFile` from `npx shadcn-vue@latest info` (typically `globals.css`). Never create a new CSS file for this.
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```css
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/* 1. Define in the global CSS file. */
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:root {
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--warning: oklch(0.84 0.16 84);
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--warning-foreground: oklch(0.28 0.07 46);
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}
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.dark {
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--warning: oklch(0.41 0.11 46);
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--warning-foreground: oklch(0.99 0.02 95);
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}
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```
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```css
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/* 2a. Register with Tailwind v4 (@theme inline). */
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@theme inline {
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--color-warning: var(--warning);
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--color-warning-foreground: var(--warning-foreground);
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}
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```
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When `tailwindVersion` is `"v3"` (check via `npx shadcn-vue@latest info`), register in `tailwind.config.js` instead:
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```js
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// 2b. Register with Tailwind v3 (tailwind.config.js).
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module.exports = {
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theme: {
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extend: {
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colors: {
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warning: "oklch(var(--warning) / <alpha-value>)",
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"warning-foreground":
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"oklch(var(--warning-foreground) / <alpha-value>)",
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},
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},
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},
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}
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```
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```html
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<!-- 3. Use in components. -->
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<div class="bg-warning text-warning-foreground">Warning</div>
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```
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---
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## Border Radius
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`--radius` controls border radius globally. Components derive values from it (`rounded-lg` = `var(--radius)`, `rounded-md` = `calc(var(--radius) - 2px)`).
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---
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## Customizing Components
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See also: [rules/styling.md](./rules/styling.md) for Incorrect/Correct examples.
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Prefer these approaches in order:
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### 1. Built-in variants
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```html
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<Button variant="outline" size="sm">
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Click
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</Button>
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```
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### 2. Tailwind classes via `class`
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```html
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<Card class="mx-auto max-w-md">...</Card>
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```
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### 3. Add a new variant
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Edit the component source to add a variant via `cva`:
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```js
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// components/ui/Button.vue (or similar)
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warning: "bg-warning text-warning-foreground hover:bg-warning/90",
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```
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### 4. Wrapper components
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Compose shadcn-vue primitives into higher-level components:
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```js
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<script setup lang="ts">
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defineProps<{
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title: string
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description: string
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}>()
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const emit = defineEmits(['confirm'])
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</script>
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<template>
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<AlertDialog>
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<AlertDialogTrigger as-child>
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<slot />
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</AlertDialogTrigger>
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<AlertDialogContent>
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<AlertDialogHeader>
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<AlertDialogTitle>{{ title }}</AlertDialogTitle>
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<AlertDialogDescription>{{ description }}</AlertDialogDescription>
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</AlertDialogHeader>
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<AlertDialogFooter>
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<AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
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<AlertDialogAction @click="emit('confirm')">Confirm</AlertDialogAction>
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</AlertDialogFooter>
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</AlertDialogContent>
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</AlertDialog>
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</template>
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```
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See [Updating Components in SKILL.md](./SKILL.md#updating-components) for the full smart merge workflow.
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